Commentary and Analysis of Samuel Huntington’s paper “The...

Lately there has been a thought that the difference in Civilizations is another issue that may cause a conflict. Starting from World War I the arguments raised by nations were over an ideology: fascism vs. communism, communism vs. democracy. Some people believe that the next step would be a war based on a cultural sense and religion. Such war would unite people with similar beliefs, views on the world, language, tradition and history. They believe the conflict of the future will occur along the cultural fault lines separating civilizations [1]. So what exactly is the clash of civilizations? This was briefly addressed in Samuel Huntington’s paper â€Å"The clash of civilizations?†. In order to explain the term, let’s first look into what civilization is. Person does not simply get to choose the civilization he/she simply belongs to. Communists can become democrats and vice versa, but Russians can never become Americans or Arabs cannot become European. In the confl ict between civilizations the question is â€Å"What are you?†, it is something given and cannot be changed. Conflicts between countries are inevitable and with the way things work it is just a matter of time, before one country would not be comfortable with what other country is doing. In that case, cultural characteristics and differences are less mutable and hence less easily compromised and resolved than political and economic ones [1]. The clash of civilizations often occurs on two levels. Micro-level is when smallShow MoreRelatedReanalyze the Relationship of the West and Islamic Civilization Future1142 Words   |  5 PagesSamuel P. Huntington thesis has been in center of debates for many years. Moreover, his prediction that main conflicts in near future is between the West (the United States and allies) versus Islamic Civilization has triggered controversy among International Relations scholars. This paper tries to analyze three main supportive arguments from Huntingt on thesis in the West v. Islam conflict. Democracy System v. Islamic Laws Samuel P. Huntington stated that Muslims unable to accept democracy becauseRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 PagesConnections to a wider spectrum of professionals ( greater insight into issue at hand †¢ E.g. 2008 U.S. Presidential Elections (bloggers provide personal opinions about who was likely to win but New York Times invited experts to do a state-by-state analysis presenting results in a full-page spread, culminating in a detailed map showing states Democrats were likely to win) †¢ Anonymity: given free rein to publish any thought that comes to mind †¢ E.g. For every worthwhile video present on the site

Essay The Difficult Teenage Years - 920 Words

The most important problems teenagers face are adapting, the desire to rebel, and responsibilities. A persons teenage years take them through many stages in life. One becomes a teenager when they turn thirteen and it ends when you turn twenty. Teenage years start in middle school and follow you halfway through your college career. When you are a young teenager, the age of thirteen to about sixteen, the body starts to make a few changes, externally, and internally. Females start at a younger age than males. Female hormones start to develop when they are eleven or twelve, but the thoughts the girls have only start to change when they are teenagers. Girls start to develop curves during their development stage. Of†¦show more content†¦For others, its not so easy, theres rejection, and wait listing. This may seem okay, but for some teenagers, being rejected at such a young age can really make one feel insecure. In high school, you start to realize, you are no longer the oldest an ymore. You are lost in a new building, surrounded by new people, new peers, new teachers, new principals. Everything is new. Looking around at the older grades, you notice they dont have as many pimples, or they have learned what clothing works, and what doesnt work together. The older grades, look much older than just eighteen year old. They have already developed their fashion styles, they are in relationships, they have figured out to do their makeup, so even if they have pimples, they are covered. Through high school, people change. Theres bullies, and people dont want to be friends anymore. There are teams, and groups to join, you make new friends in your new surroundings. After three and half long years in high schools, you start applying for college. This is the second school related adaption they will have to do. This time its more difficult. There are many options, and many decisions SUNYs, CUNYs, dorm, commuter school, the options are endless. Applying to college is diffic ult, one is expected to know what they want to do with their lives at the age of eighteen. Think of going to a college that will help you with your major, some dont evenShow MoreRelatedLiterature Review On Teen Pregnancy1254 Words   |  6 PagesTeenage Pregnancy Introduction Teenage pregnancy in the U.S is a major issue given the number of teens between age 15 and 19 years giving birth. The average teen pregnancy rate in America is about 57 per 1000 teens in 2010 (Knox 1). This has decreased to about 47 per 1000 teens, but at the state level, some states such as Texas have higher averages. Currently, the state of Texas recorded a rate of 73 teenage pregnancies per 1000 females aged between 15 and 19 years (Sayegh et al. 95). The main causeRead MoreArgumentative Essay1417 Words   |  6 Pagesand Pregnant Promote or Discourage Teenage Pregnancy? Teenage pregnancy has become a major issue in today’s society for our adolescents. This is a major problem for all who are involved. It creates hurt and a struggle for on the parents, especially for the mother (Gonchar and Schulten). Also for the parent(s) of the teenager this creates struggles for them because more often than not, they end up with the load of caring and looking after the child while the teenage parents are at school or out doingRead MoreA Research Study On Teenage Pregnancy Prevention1009 Words   |  5 PagesThe purpose of this study is to explore the different types of support teenage mothers have received after the birth of their child. The aim of this study is to explore and evaluate the usefulness of support systems and to gain insight on the types of support teenage mothers received after pregnancy. In addition, this study will explore the perceptions of teenage mothers on how support impacted their lives. According to the â€Å"Teen Pregnancy Prevention† (2016), statistics from the National ConferenceRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Is A Global Problem Essay1657 Words   |  7 Pagesrisk. Statics show that African-American and Hispanic teenage women in the Unites States have the highest birthrates. Inconsistent research of young African American women is at a greater risk of becoming teenage mothers; the culture may contribute to this trend, though the complex relationships (Furstenberg, 1992; Geronimus, 2003; Sullivan, 1993). According to Trussell (1988), one out of every 10 women aged 15-19 becomes pregnant each year in the United States. Of these pregnancies, five out ofRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Teen Pregnancy1664 Words   |  7 PagesMaria Isabel Terrazas English 4 Miss Stahlecker 4 November 2015 Teenage Pregnancy According to cda.org, in 2013, a total of 273,105 babies were born to women that were in between the ages of 15-19 years old. Teenage pregnancy is a major concern in today’s society. This paper will talk about teenage pregnancy, statistics, ways to prevent teenage pregnancy, and after birth options. So why is teenage pregnancy so important? Some people are concerned about teens getting pregnant at such an early ageRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy : Society s Biggest Problem1503 Words   |  7 Pages Teenage Pregnancy Teenage Pregnancy is society s biggest problem, there are so many ways to prevent it, also many advices from people and many decisions a teen parent must make in life. It is today s biggest issue because it affects teen parent s future in many results. The three most important things that it affects is education, financial problems, and being a teenage parent. Those three important things are key to each other in order to succeed in life. Teenage Parents are mostRead MoreSocietal Norms Of Teenage Pregnancy1480 Words   |  6 Pagesnorms discourage sexual behavior in teenagers, however, it is found that many high school students have had sex; and many times, there are no types of contraception used. According to Mollborn (2017), it is found that 1 in 7 of these teenage girls become mothers. Teenage pregnancy has many negative lifelong implications. When a teenager becomes pregnant they are forced to make some very tough choices, and no matter which decision they make about the outc ome of their pregnancy, their life will be changedRead MoreBullying Is Not New, And It?1638 Words   |  7 Pagesor visible bullying per se has been done exclusively by teenage girls. Recent trends and statistics have show an increase in bullying and violence among teenage girls. Violence by teenage girls has grown over the past few years. The trends show females surpassing their male counterparts in increases of arrests from the year 1980 to 2005. The behavior of the violence among girls may have a serious impact on the rise of bullying in recent years. For violence against peers, a study found that â€Å"the mostRead MoreEssay on British Pregnancy and Condoms799 Words   |  4 Pages The number of pregnancies across England and Wales, conceptions compared with 896,466 in 2009. An increase of this group with the exception of women aged under twenty. The teenage pregnancy rate in England and Wales has reached its lowest level since 1969,men and women of these countries hold a similar opinion, â€Å" Family may also be valued more highly during to be out of work, they may have more time to spend on a child due to financial concerns cause by recession.† According to most of BritainRead MoreThe Popularity Of Teen Pregnancy1660 Words   |  7 Pageshas become a major concern in recent years. It is viewed as a global crisis as the increasing number of teenage girls bearing children outside of marriage or before graduating high school continue to rise. There are many reasons to scale down the teen pregnancy rate, and the financial costs of teens giving birth are important. After highly dropping for almost a decade-and-a-half, United States’ teen birth rate percentages began edging skyward in recent years. Experts aren t sure whether the run

Bacterial And Viral Infections Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Bacterial And Viral Infections Essay, Research Paper Bing portion of the Sports Medicine profession, Athletic Trainers have to be ready for anything and everything when it comes to handling their jocks. This includes acknowledgment, rating, instruction and bar of assorted jobs. One specific facet of this is holding a basic cognition of contagious diseases that is seen all excessively normally in Athletics. Some illustrations of this include Tinea Pedis ( Athlete # 8217 ; s Foot ) , Conjunctivitis ( tap oculus ) , and Tinea Corporis ( tinea ) . Although these conditions aren # 8217 ; t life endangering, they are annoying and can intend remotion from drama for the person. Early acknowledgment by the jock and Athletic Trainer means immediate intervention and loss of pattern can be kept to a lower limit. Tinea Pedis, normally known as # 8220 ; Athlete # 8217 ; s Foot # 8221 ; , is one of the most prevailing and distinguishable conditions a individual can contract. Over 10 % of the population develops Athlete # 8217 ; s Foot every twelvemonth and 75 % of the US population will hold Athlete # 8217 ; s Foot sometime in their lives ( Hamann, 1994 ) . It seldom occurs before pubescence and is found more often in stripling and immature grownup males. Tinea Pedis is normally contracted by walking barefoot on moisture 2 floors around swimming pools and public showers that are contaminated. These countries stay warm and moist all the clip and this promotes abundant growing of the Fungis. While all jocks are prone to this job because of profuse sudating on a day-to-day footing, swimmers are the beginning of a great figure of Tinea Pedis instances. Diagnosis of Athlete # 8217 ; s Foot is normally made from history and clinical scrutiny. Microscopic scrutiny of a wet saddle horse of skin scrapings in a 10 % K hydroxide solution can uncover branched fungal signifiers, therefore corroborating the diagnosing. It is largely found between the 3rd and 4th and 4th and 5th toes but may widen onto the plantar or dorsal forefoot. As stated above, moist environment promotes the growing of the Fungis and Gram-negative bacteriums that is besides present on the tegument in these countries. The normal sourness of the tegument is decreased, which favors the growing of these pathogens. Fungi ab initio damage the outer bed of the cuticle and that causes the dry and lepidote Athlete # 8217 ; s pes visual aspect. As the action of Fungi and bacteriums continue, redness additions and fluid may be excreted from the affected countries. This causes more hurting, inflammation and itchiness. If left untreated, bacterial growing could rule and take 3 to eroding of the plantar tegument. Some marks and symptoms of Tinea Pedis are damp, soft red or grey-white graduated tables on the pess, cracked, skining and dead tegument countries. Sometimes little blisters can organize on the pes and itchiness is common. There are several self-care processs for Athlete # 8217 ; s Foot. Wash pess two times a twenty-four hours and dry well. Apply OTC anti-fungal pulverization, pick or spray between toes, socks and places. Wear clean socks made of cotton or wool because the natural fibres absorb some of the wet. Change socks during the twenty-four hours to assist pess remain dry and wear places that provide some airing, like sandals. Finally alternate places daily to allow each brace air out between erosions. If symptoms do non lessen after making all of the above, send the jock to a doctor for farther rating and intervention. To decrease the odds of your jocks undertaking Athlete # 8217 ; s Foot, educate them on bar. An Athletic Trainer can depic t marks and symptoms of this status so the jocks can catch it in its early phases. They are the 1s looking at their pess every twenty-four hours. An effectual manner to halt the spread Athlete # 8217 ; s Foot is to wear sandals in cabinet suites, showers and on the pool deck. 4 Besides from the Tinea household, Tinea Corporis ( tinea ) is found wholly excessively common in jocks. Once once more males are more frequently infected than females. The beings that cause ringworm can populate in worlds, animate beings and dirt. Tinea Corporis is contracted through direct or indirect contact with tegument of an septic individual. It is besides transmitted through floors, shower stables, benches that are contaminated. A less common manner in athleticss, but a manner none the lupus erythematosus is through petting septic puppies or kitties. Athletes are really susceptible to undertaking tinea because of the organic structure to personify contact they endure on a day-to-day footing. The damp part of the lesion is powerful with the disease and that assorted with perspiration can acquire everyplace. Athletic Trainers can descry Ringworm from the Swim squad to the hoops squad. However the greatest figure of persons who get ringworm every twelvemonth in sports are the gra pplers. They have changeless close contact and fluids are spread from the septic individual, to his opposition, so his opposition wrestles another individual and so on and so on. The mats are contaminated and when the grapplers come into the Training Room, the tabular arraies are contaminated as good. The marks and symptoms of Ringworm Begin with ruddy, somewhat 5 elevated lepidote spots. The lesions are pealing shaped and new spots arise on the fringe while the cardinal country clears up. This leads to the â€Å"ringworm appearance† . A great figure of people believe there is really a worm turning under the surface of the tegument but this is wholly untrue. The fringe may be dry and lepidote or moist and crusted. Tinea Corporis is found normally in non-hairy countries like the face, bole, weaponries and legs. Treatment for this status is really similar to that off Tinea Pedis. Wash the country often with soap and H2O. Apply OTC topical anti-fungal pick to the affected country as directed. Many Training Suites are already equipped with this pick. The jock should be excluded from swimming pools and activities that could expose others, including pattern while the lesion is unfastened. If the jock must take part in pattern, make certain the country is wholly and decently covered. A bioclusive covering, patch or tape can be used to dress the country. By the clip athletes, particularly grapplers, reach the collegial degree of competition they fundamentally know if they have ringworm. Daily introspection of the jock can catch the ruddy spot in its early phases and proper attention can get down instantly to 6 prevent distributing to other teammates. There are merchandises out on the market that can assist forestall transmittal of Tinea Corporis. An illustration of this is Kenshield. It is a froth that when applied becomes an unseeable protectant and barrier. Kenshield is specifically designed for sports and won # 8217 ; t rinse off with sweat. However, these merchandises can be expensive. A 22oz. Can of Kenshild, for illustration, is $ 18.00. This merchandise International Relations and Security Network # 8217 ; T merely for jocks but is highly utile in protecting Athletic Trainers themselves. In add-on to Tinea Pedis and Corporis, Conjunctivitis ( tap oculus ) is really common in Athletics. Conjunctivitis is an redness of the conjunctiva, which the name would propose. The conjunctiva is a moist, delicate membrane that lines the interior of the palpebras and covers the Whites of the eyes. The fluids in an septic oculus is highly contagious. A individual may merely hold pinkeye in one oculus but if they itch the septic one and so rub the other, the infection is that easy distribute. If an jock touches their oculus and so embrace person or touches a doorhandle, other people are at hazard of going infected. Using other athlete # 8217 ; s apparels, towels, 7 oculus make-up or dark glassess can set him or her at increased odds. Conjunctivitis can normally distribute like wildfire throughout a swimming squad because of the sharing of goggles and towels. Sometimes the inflammation that is the first symptom is normally mistaken for annoyance from the Cl in the pool. Signs and symptoms of Conjunctivitis include scratchy or painful esthesis, lacrimation, and itchy and conceited eyes. The oculus is overly ruddy, resembling a # 8220 ; bloodshot oculus # 8221 ; . The most defining mark is difficulty opening eyes in the forenoon because the palpebras are # 8220 ; crusted # 8221 ; shut from mucose. There are two sorts of Conjunctivitis: viral and bacterial. Both produce really similar symptoms but the bacterial strain symptoms appear between 24-72 hours after exposure whereas the viral strain can run anyplace from 12 hours to 12 yearss. There are non many ways to handle Conjunctivitis. Sometimes, if left untreated, can run its class in a few ye arss but a bulk opt to see a physician to have oculus beads. To forestall spread of pink oculus, promote your jocks non to portion anything that would come near to touching the oculus. Catching pink oculus in the first twenty-four hours or so and get downing intervention, the jock may 8 forestall the spreading of the infection to the other oculus or to other teammates. In decision, the Athletic Training profession plays a major function in maintaining jocks healthy and viing in the athleticss they love by holding proper cognition of different diseases and infections. Even conditions that may non look of import like Tinea Pedis, Tinea Corporis and Conjunctivitis can do an jock free valuable playing clip. By being able to place the above jobs, cognizing how they are transmitted and how to forestall farther spread, the Athletic Trainer is taking major stairss to assist their jocks and maintain them every bit healthy as they can be. Bibliography Mentions Fedukowicz, H. ( 1985 ) . External Infections of the Eye. Appleton-Century Crafts. Hyndiuk, T. ( 1986 ) . Infections of the Eye. Little, Brown and Company. Easty, D.L. ( 1985 ) . Virus Disease of the Eye. Yearbook Medical Publishing Inc. Ogilvie, S. ( 1997 ) . Symptoms and Signs in Clinical Medicine. Butterworth A ; Heinmann. Holmberg, K. ( 1989 ) . Diagnosis and Therapy of Systemic Fungal Infections. Raven Press. Hamann, B. ( 1994 ) . Disease: Designation, Prevention, and Control. Mosby. Marder, R. ( 1997 ) . Sports Injuries of the Ankle and Foot. Springer. William claude dukenfields, K. ( 1997 ) . Medical Problems in Athletes. Blackwell Science. Sauer, G. ( 1996 ) . Manual of Skin Diseases. Lippincott-Raven.

What Are the Most Important Tools and Technologies for Safeguarding Information Resources free essay sample

What are the components of an organizational framework for security and control? Firms need to establish a good set of both general and application controls for their information systems. A risk assessment evaluates information assets, identifies control points and control weaknesses, and determines the most cost-effective set of controls. Firms must also develop a coherent corporate security policy and plans for continuing business operations in the event of disaster or disruption. The security policy includes polices for acceptable use and identity management. Comprehensive and systematic MIS auditing helps organizations determine the effectiveness of security and controls for their information systems. 4. What are the most important tools and technologies for safeguarding information resources? Firewalls prevent unauthorized users from accessing a private network when it is linked to the Internet. Intrusion detection systems monitor private networks from suspicious network traffic and attempts to access corporate systems. Passwords, tokens, smart cards, and biometric authentication are used to authenticate systems users. We will write a custom essay sample on What Are the Most Important Tools and Technologies for Safeguarding Information Resources? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Antivirus software checks computer systems for infections by viruses and worms and often eliminates the malicious software, while antispyware software combats intrusive and harmful spyware programs. Encryption, the coding and scrambling of messages, is a widely used technology for securing electronic transmissions over unprotected networks. Digital certificates combined with public key encryption provide further protection of electronic transactions by authenticating a user’s identity. Companies can use fault-tolerant computer systems or create high-availability computing environments to make sure that their information systems are always available. Use of software metrics and rigorous software testing help improve software quality and reliability.

Adequate is Adequate

Adequate is Adequate Adequate is Adequate Adequate is Adequate By Maeve Maddox From a reader: let me ask if the following usage is correct: The food is adequate enough. Like unique, the adjective adequate says it all. adequate: equal to, or fully sufficient for a specified or implied requirement; often: narrowly or barely sufficient The addition of enough in the following examples is redundant: If you work at it, you can do an adequate-enough job. There are no words that seem adequate enough to describe the thanks and appreciation The Allen test is not adequate enough for the screening of hand circulation I don’t think she did too well on saying I love America. That wasn’t adequate enough †¦ The unnecessary enough seems to be especially common in questions: Are most good freeride bikes adequate enough to race downhill Are there any words adequate enough to describe peace? Photoshop adequate enough for Screen-Print Designs? Is PC gaming desirably adequate enough to give up on console When apologizing is saying my bad adequate enough? If something is adequate, thats all there is to say: Now is the time to make an adequate income a reality for all of Gods children†¦ Do tinfoil helmets provide adequate protection against mind control rays? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Grammar Test 1When to Form a Plural with an ApostropheSupervise vs. Monitor

Impact of Deregulation and Low Cost Carriers on the Airline Industry The WritePass Journal

Impact of Deregulation and Low Cost Carriers on the Airline Industry Introduction Impact of Deregulation and Low Cost Carriers on the Airline Industry Introduction ConclusionReferences and Bibliography Related Introduction The report will be assessing and evaluating how deregulation and the growth of low cost carriers have affected global competition and market trends in the types of products offered to customers in air travel. The report will identify the key roles of the low cost carriers and how they are affecting the global competition and the market trends by introducing their means and methods over the bigger airline industry. It will also be witnessed in the report how the airlines have come a long way from the past till now and how the industry is on a constant change due to needs and demands put up by the customers which currently is being handled by the low cost carriers in some ways. While air travel was once a luxury only the rich could afford, the entry of more airlines serving the busiest and most profitable routes has caused airfares to plummet.  Some of the airlines that will be looked at are Buzz, Go, Ryan Air, and Easy Jet. These are well known low cost airlines. This report  will look sequentially at the marketing environments of the airline industry and will analyze the main forces shaping its future.   It will concentrate on the impact of low-cost airlines on this industry. Main The airlines are relatively new as a market driven industry.  Ã‚  In 1938, the airlines faced steep competition that was vigorous and unstable.  Ã‚  The industry asked the government for a regulatory body to control competition.  Ã‚  The newly formed CAB froze the industry structure and blocking out new firms, which ended up creating monopolies.  The industry continued in this state despite growth in traffic, increased profits, and changing conditions. The turning point for the airline industry began in the late 1970’s when the industry needed to break free from its regulated environment.  Ã‚  New technology and ample profits made competition a viable option. The result was the passing of the Airline Deregulation Act in 1978. One of the large effects of deregulation was the increase in the number of carriers and increased competition. In 1978, there were 43 carriers certified for scheduled service with large aircraft.  Ã‚  By 1983, there were over 60 new carriers since the act was passed.  Ã‚  With the slew of new airlines, the airline industry was able to reach new markets and grow tremendously. United with the price drops, air travel became a more favorable way to travel.  Ã‚  Today there are no close substitutes for travel over 150 miles.  Ã‚  However the trend of an invasion of airlines eventually turned into many mergers, acquisitions, and bankruptcies in the late-1980s to early-1990s (see Figure 1) Still seen today, another effect of deregulation is the development of the â€Å"hub-and-spoke† network.  Ã‚  The major airlines developed this network to efficiently manage and serve more markets with the same fleet of planes.  Ã‚  Another advantage of the â€Å"hub-and-spoke† network is that airlines will carry the traveler from departure city to arrival city and not have to hand over customers to competing carriers.  Ã‚  Travelers enjoyed traveling with one airline though an extra stop was required. A marketing innovation that airlines initiated after deregulation was the frequent flyer program.  Ã‚  Repeat customers earned points toward free tickets or upgrades. This program generated loyalty beyond service and satisfaction with travelers. Recently, the frequent flyer program extends beyond receiving points for flying. The most popular is the use of credit cards (points per pounds/dollars) and using points to purchase things other than airline tickets. A technological advance in the industry came with the introduction of computer-reservation systems (CRS).  Ã‚  This allowed airlines to keep track of fare and service changes.  Ã‚  The systems allow agents to process millions of reservations a day.  Ã‚  Today these transactions have significantly increased and with the introduction of the Internet redefined how travelers shop, purchase, and receive tickets. According to  Geneva News  article low-cost carriers found not just tourism to help it establish it self in travel. They found out that what could begin as a tourist route may be quickly adopted by businesspeople. This meaning that the low cost airlines also are used by business. So the companies also get some business even during the off-seasons. These airlines help offer a cheap way to be able to get to the business places, historical area, and Interesting cities. We see in  Belobaba  (2003) report that Easy Jet, Europe’s leading low-cost airline. Now what helped it become such a big name in low cost air travel in  Europe? Going to Easy Jets website, they attempt to explain how they work. It can be seen that they broke it down into three things to make them a low cost airlines; The first thing is it is a  ticket less airline, this cuts cost of paper and printing.  The next thing they do is efficient use of airports; this means Easy Jet can make the most of its time. Easy Jet also made a few deals with airports cutting landing fees. The last thing Easy Jet has done to make its airline so low cost is theres no such thing as a free lunch. This helps as it cut costs of food, and may help the airlines earn money on the food they sell. In  Belobaba  (2003) report we see the  U.S.  situation with airlines. The report starts off talking about the 11/09/01 incident. Were after the attacks on the twin tower, the whole thing had negatively affected the volume of business travel and 12.5% lower than in the preceding year. The report goes on talking about the growth of low cost airlines.  Reduced willingness on the part of business travelers and tourist to pay the higher airfares charged by network carriers. Also some interesting points in the report are. â€Å"In the  US, low-fare airlines have exhibited slow but steady growth since   deregulation, but low-fare carriers as a group accounted for less than 7% of US  domestic air passengers in 1991, compared to 81% by Major network carriers [The remaining 12% was carried by smaller regional and local carriers]. Low-fare carriers grew more rapidly in the  US  through the 1990s, to the point that the  carried 20% of all  US  domestic passengers as a group in 2002.† To look at a more world aspect of tourism we see in Christianto (2003) article that in  2000, there were 7.58 million passengers, but the number increased to 8.27 million in 2001 and to 8.96 million in 2002. Also according to the article the figures are expected to reach 10.34 million in the coming years. It goes on talking about the price war. A war between the more high class big Airlines, and  many of the airlines that offer cheaper tickets. In this war they are trying to set a floor price were airlines may not go under this price. This is due to the high numbers of passengers going to low cost airlines to travel. We are starting to see that with these low cost airlines the bigger airlines are having problems holding on to their customers. Now there are airline companies that are forced to lower their price to compete with these low cost airlines. We see British airways as one of those companies. British airways have recently launched a series of cheap flights. In the future there is a big possibility that all these big airlines will have to lower their prices considerably. As theses low cost airlines seem to be taking all the possible clients away from these big airlines. There is also too say that these big airlines are holding on to their passengers for long distance travels. As these airlines are more comfortable and more advanced the travelers like them more. As if you have to spend a long time in an airplane you would choose the best situation.  There are only a few low cost airlines that are set up. The number of airlines in general isn’t too high. We see in the  U.S.  for low cost airlines you have only two or three. As it’s about the same for  Europe  as we see airlines like Easy Jet, Ryan Air, Go, Buzz and only a few others. As for other areas it was hard to find information on cheap airlines.  Ã‚   Europe  seems to big the biggest point of low cost airlines. In  Christianto (2003) report its shown that travel between  Europe  has been seeing some serious growth. This alone shows that with low cost airline, there comes more tourism. There is also to say that in  Europe  it is convenient for people to move around for business and travel. The first successful low-cost carrier is generally acknowledged to be  Southwest Airlines  in the  United States, which pioneered the concept when founded in  1971  and has been profitable every year since  1973. With the advent of aviation  deregulation  the model spread to  Europe  as well, the most notable successes being Irelands  Ryan air, which began low-fares operations in  1991, and  easy Jet, formed in  1995. As of 2004, low cost carriers are now edging into  Asia, led by operators such as  Malaysias  Air Asia. Many carriers have opted to launch their own no-grills airlines, such as KLM’s Buzz and British Airways Go, but have found it difficult to avoid cannibalizing their core business. The European airline industry is being shaken up by the presence of low-cost airlines.   It is estimated that existing low-cost airlines has expanded their European market share from 5% in 2000 to 25% by 2010, as illustrated in figure 7, establishing themselves on a long-term basis which will have major effects on the European airline industry as a whole The low cost carrier’s airline industry is having a huge impact on the global airline industry.   The table below highlights how the market is migrating to a new business model: customer behavior is changing ââ€" ºÃ‚  Customers expect internet to provide lowest possible price offerââ€" ºÃ‚  Price becomes decisive factor:– Destination is not! –  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  low cost carrier’s develop routes according to costs ââ€" ºÃ‚  low cost Carriers have generated growth of aviation in this segment –   People fly who would not have otherwise flown Market structure is changing ââ€" ºÃ‚  Erosion of traditional â€Å"national† markets:ââ€" ºÃ‚  Segmentation of market into:– low cost on local markets – Regional niche markets – International/alliance markets Greater flexibility and simplicity of traditional model ââ€" ºÃ‚  Established airlines are questioning their models.ââ€" ºÃ‚  Some have moved into the no-frills segment. Flexible adaptation of traditional pricing models ââ€" ºÃ‚  Many full-service carriers offer simple and low prices. Marketing focus on the actual product offered ââ€" ºÃ‚  Some carriers are marketing frills aggressively. The SWOT analysis is used to analyse the internal and external view of the low-cost airline industry with a view to analyse the situation of the no-frills model upon today’s world wide global industry. STRENGTHSSimple fare structureRelative low unit costs Multi-base network offering point-to-point service Strong corporate culture i.e. Easy Jet High commitment to safety and customer services Efficient use of airports with rapid turnaround times Highly profitable with rising demand WEAKNESSESCustomer expectations of service are increasingHigh aircraft utilisation means more vulnerable to delays Prices are low, but they are not as low as they could be. Weak brand loyalty between low-cost airlines and passengers Growth in size means complexity Seasonal variations and cyclical demand Affected by economic downturns OPPORTUNITIESEurope  is a land of opportunity for low-cost airlinesSignificant growth of internet bookings expected 17% annual compound growth rate of Internet user population Increase in Britons buying second homes abroad Outsourcing of IT functions such as call centres in  India Airport expansion THREATSFlag carriers imitate low-cost business model offering ‘cheaper flights to people booking well in advance’BA, as well as other airlines has redesigned its website to make online booking easier New EU legislation travel compensation laws Air passenger duty to rise  £5- £15 on economy tickets Some customers prefer to book through a travel agent The development of rail network within the EU Video conferencing may take an increasing share of the business clientele Threat of terrorism e.g. bombings in  Madrid Lack of take-off and landing slots Conclusion Since  deregulation arrived, budget carriers such as Easy Jet and Ryan air have grown to account for around a fifth of European air travel, thriving after the events of September 11th; their market share has grown rapidly.   Observers of the European airline industry have long believed that the flag-carrier system has created  too many airlines  and led to inefficient excess capacity. The suggested remedy is consolidation of the European industry via cross-border mergers, an avenue that is now open as a result of EU deregulation. The first major  consolidation  event is currently with the proposed Air  France-KLM merger recently approved by EU regulators. It is likely too that the  low-cost sector will experience consolidation  leaving Easy Jet and Ryan air as the two main players.   While the big airlines consolidate, trying to win more premium business traffic, the cheap fares airlines will fight ruthlessly for leisure traffic.   British Airways has already withdrawn from European routes where it makes a loss. In the longer term, airlines are looking to join forces in the context of the prospects of the liberalization of air traffic between the  United Statesand  Europe, which is expected to lead to  fierce competition  on both sides of the  Atlantic. Two things matter to airlines the amount of  empty seats  on their planes and the cost of getting those planes into the air.  Ã‚  Reducing those two factors leads to profits, and in recent years, the European industry has been struggling. The fear of  terrorism and disruption  in the worlds aviation system has simply made things much worse.   And looking to the future of European aviation, it seems that the issues associated with the  environment  will be addressed severely, possibly leading to taxation on the one thing supporting airline growth; Kerosene.  Ã‚  Furthermore, the matter of over-capacity, which has lead to a  lack of taking-off and landing slots, could hinder  further growth and drive up prices for the low-cost airlines. While the full-service carriers are  struggling to get back to the traffic levels  they enjoyed in 2000, the budget airlines are growing by more than 10 per cent a year.   The  expansion of the EU provided vast opportunities for the low-cost sector but for the budget airline industry to thrive;  low-cost really does have to mean low-cost. References and Bibliography Lectures notes – week 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Graham, A. (2009) 3RD edition Managing airports: an international perspective Definitions of deregulation  from  free-definition.com/Deregulation.html Wensveen, J. and Leick, R. (2009) the long-haul low-cost carrier: A unique business model, Journal of Air Transport Management Volume 15, Issue 3, Hanlon, J.P. (2007) 3RD edition Global Airline: competition in transnational industry Morrison, S. and Winston, C (1986).  The Economic Effects of Airline Deregulation Belobaba, P. (2003)  Ã‚  The Airline Industry and Current Challenges. British Airways. (2003). Can be obtained at; britishairways.co.uk Burghouwt, G. and Huys, M. (2003).  Deregulation and the Consequences for Airport Planning ORL website:  orl.arch.ethz.ch/dis.PDF Christianto,  I.  (2003).  Airlines earn their wings in increasingly crowded skies Easy-jet. Company website. Accessed May 10, 2004 from  easyjet.com Easy-Jet. (2003).  How We Offer Such Low Fares. Can be obtained at;  easyjet.com/EN/about/aboutourfares.html Ryan air..  Progress Report. Can be obtained at; ryanair.co.uk guardian.co.uk timesonline.co.uk Two  UK  low-cost air lines open up new direct links between North-East England and  Geneva.   Geneva  News

Non compliance in doing homework assignments between group therapy Dissertation

Non compliance in doing homework assignments between group therapy sessions for substance abuse and depression - Dissertation Example Ries et al. (2009, p.762) state that patients with substance abuse who comply with the group therapy sessions and complete their homework assignments experience positive treatment outcomes and thus are less likely to drop out of the treatment. They state that â€Å"integrated supportive group therapy in a randomized trial has shown a differential effect on treatment retention in subjects with severe mental disorders and substance use disorders†, and homework compliance is the adherence that comes as one positive outcome of group therapy sessions for such patients. Reinecke (2010, p.54) maintains the idea that clients with depression are less likely to adhere with the â€Å"in-session exposure† which makes them non-comply with homework completion. He states that the cause for this is that the in-session exposure of a depressive client or one suffering from anxiety involves others observing him doing homework, which he is already anxious about, thus enhancing his anxiety into social anxiety disorder. However, Reinecke affirms that homework compliance is an important bridge between the in-session activities and change of client’s attitude toward life, especially for patients with depression, anxiety and substance abuse. He suggests that the client’s behavior of homework non-compliance should be addressed very early in the therapy. Cruess et al. (2010) found that the patients reported that they non-comply with the between-session homework because of â€Å"lack of receptivity to details regarding their medical illness†. Lien et al. (2010) studied in their research the relationship between the substance abuse group therapy sessions and patient compliance. They found that what motivates the patients to comply with the completion of between-session homework is the clinical outcome which they want to see as their health benefits. According to them, â€Å"patients balance expected benefits and costs during a treatment episode when deci ding on compliance† and hence comply with the standards if they seem to be benefitting from the treatment since the Lien et al. observed that those patients who were progressing were less likely to not complete homework, not show at or drop out of the sessions. Similar conclusions have been approached by Guardiano, Weinstock and Miller (2011) who have found that patients of substance abuse are at high risk of non-compliance with homework completion or attendance at group therapy sessions due to which they have to suffer from negative consequences. They have proposed an adjunctive psychosocial intervention that will reduce noncompliance in substance abusers. According to them, â€Å"The intervention involves brief in-person sessions and follow-up phone contacts with the patient and a significant other/family member.† They state that this intervention will improve the effects of group therapy on substance abusers by helping enhance the relationship between them and the pr ovider thus motivating them to attend the group therapy sessions while adhering to the homework completion. Abramowitz et al. (2009, p.104) have suggested that patients can be motivated to comply with homework completion in group therapy sessions by encouraging â€Å"self-controlled exposure† so that patients are motivated â€Å"to perform more exposure exercises†. Mausbach et al. (2010) studied relationship between depressive clients’ homework compliance and group therapy outcomes and found